🌡️ Properties of Different States of Matter
- Matter exists in four main states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Each state has unique physical properties based on how its particles are arranged and how they move.
🧊 1. Solid
- Shape: Fixed
- Volume: Fixed
- Particle Movement: Very little; particles vibrate in place
- Forces Between Particles: Strong
- Example: Ice, metal, wood
✅ Key Feature: Solids hold their shape and don’t flow.
💧 2. Liquid
- Shape: Takes the shape of the container
- Volume: Fixed
- Particle Movement: Particles slide past each other
- Forces Between Particles: Moderate
- Example: Water, oil, milk
✅ Key Feature: Liquids flow but don’t expand to fill a container.
💨 3. Gas
Shape: No fixed shape
Volume: No fixed volume (expands to fill container)
Particle Movement: Fast and random
Forces Between Particles: Weak or negligible
Example: Air, carbon dioxide, helium
✅ Key Feature: Gases expand to fill any space and are easily compressed.
⚡ 4. Plasma (less common on Earth, common in space)
- Shape/Volume: Like gas, no fixed shape or volume
- Particle Movement: Extremely fast; particles are ionized
- Contains: Free electrons and ions
- Example: Sun, lightning, neon signs, stars
✅ Key Feature: Plasma conducts electricity and responds to magnetic fields.
🧠 Summary Table
- Property Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
- Shape Fixed Variable Variable Variable
- Volume Fixed Fixed Variable Variable
- Particle Motion Vibrates Slides Fast, random Very fast, charged
- Compressible? No Slightly Yes Yes
- Examples Ice, rock Water, oil Oxygen, air Stars, lightning
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