Electronic devices communicate by sending and receiving signals—either through wired connections or wireless methods. Here’s how both work:
🔌 Wired Communication
- Devices are connected physically using cables (like Ethernet, USB, HDMI).
- Data travels as electrical signals through the wires.
Examples:
- Ethernet cables for internet.
- USB cables for peripherals.
- HDMI cables for video/audio.
- Pros: Reliable, high speed, low interference.
- Cons: Limited by cable length and physical connections.
📡 Wireless Communication
- Devices send data using radio waves or other electromagnetic waves through the air.
- No physical connection needed.
Examples:
- Wi-Fi for internet.
- Bluetooth for short-range data exchange.
- Cellular networks (4G/5G) for mobile phones.
- Infrared for remote controls.
- Pros: Convenient, mobile, flexible.
- Cons: Can be affected by interference, range limitations.
🧠 How Data is Sent
- Encoding data into signals (digital bits or analog waveforms).
- Modulation (for wireless) changes signal properties to carry data.
- Protocols define rules for communication (e.g., TCP/IP, Bluetooth).
Summary
- Communication Type Medium Examples Pros Cons
- Wired Cables (copper, fiber) Ethernet, USB Fast, stable Less mobility
- Wireless Radio waves, IR Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Mobile, flexible Interference, security
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