How do chemical bonds form and break?

 🔗 How Chemical Bonds Form and Break (Simple Explanation)

✅ How Bonds Form

• Chemical bonds form when atoms share or transfer electrons to become more stable, usually by achieving a full outer electron shell.

🧪 Types of Chemical Bonds:

• Ionic Bonds
• Transfer of electrons
• Between metals and nonmetals
• Example: Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl (table salt)
• Covalent Bonds
• Sharing of electrons
• Between nonmetals
• Example: H₂O (water)
• Metallic Bonds
• Electrons are shared in a "sea" of free-moving electrons
• Between metal atoms
• Example: Copper, gold

❌ How Bonds Break

• Bonds break when energy is added, usually in the form of heat or light.
• This allows atoms to overcome the force holding them together.

🔥 Energy Involved:

• Breaking bonds requires energy (endothermic)
• Forming bonds releases energy (exothermic)

🧠 In Short:

• Forming bonds = atoms getting stable
• Breaking bonds = atoms absorbing energy
• Chemical reactions involve both: old bonds break, new bonds form.