What is the process by which plants make their food?

The process by which plants make their food is called photosynthesis.

Here's how it works:

Photosynthesis is a process that takes place in the leaves of green plants, primarily in structures called chloroplasts, which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures sunlight, which provides the energy for the process.

Basic requirements for photosynthesis:

Sunlight

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air
• Water (H₂O) from the soil
• Chlorophyll (in plant leaves)

The process, step by step:

Absorption of sunlight: Chlorophyll in the leaves captures energy from sunlight.

Intake of carbon dioxide: Plants take in CO₂ from the air through small openings in the leaves called stomata.

Absorption of water: Roots absorb water from the soil and transport it to the leaves through xylem vessels.

Production of glucose: Using the energy from sunlight, plants convert CO₂ and water into glucose (a type of sugar), which is their food.

Release of oxygen: As a byproduct, plants release oxygen (O₂) into the air through the stomata.

(Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen)

Summary:

Photosynthesis allows plants to create their own food using sunlight. It is essential for life on Earth because it provides food for plants (and animals that eat plants) and produces the oxygen we breathe.